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Planning for retirement                                                                                                                      
   How much money will you need?                                                                                                                                               
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Financial planners do more than just invest money for the rich.  They plan for them.  Knowing how much to save and what type of interest rate you need to generate for retirement isn't rocket science.  It just isn't taught to us while we are going up; which is a same.  The earlier you start, the less you need to sock away.

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Overview

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There are three things that lead to a successful retirement strategy:

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  • Saving early

  • Save often

  • Minimizing the taxation

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The earlier a person starts saving the easier it is for them to reach financial independence.   It is easier because the person can use time to earn compounded interest to grow their money faster.  The easiest way to understand this is with an example.  roth ira account, ira accounts, retirement planning tools, 401k rollover,

 

Jane saves $2,000 a year from 22 until she is 32.  She invested her savings into a stock fund that returned an averaged annual return of 9%.  Jane doesn’t add anymore money into the fund after she reaches 32 but decides to leave the money sit in the fund and let it grow at 9% until she retires at 65.   At retirement Jane has a total amount of $522,091. roth ira account, ira accounts, retirement planning tools, 401k rollover,

 

Her friend John has never saved and at the age 32 decides to start saving $2,000 a year in the same stock fund as Jane.  He saves every year until he retires at the age of 65 (that’s 33 years).  John makes the same return as Jane, 9%, however; he only has $359,601 at retirement.

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Jane saved for 10 years and it cost her $20,000 ($2,000 x 10yrs).

John saved for 33 years and it cost him $66,000 ($2,000 x 33yrs).

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But because Jane started 10 years earlier than John, she has $162,490 more than him.  She saved $46,000 less ($66,000 - $20,000) than John, but because she started 10 years earlier she has $162,490 more. 

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This example illustrates the time value of money.  The more time you give yourself the more money you can earn.  

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Many people wonder: Where should I put my money: an IRA, Roth or 401K?

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When saving money, the first and foremost thing that somebody should think about how to protect and grow it.  So which of the three protects and grows your money the best?  It depends on your person situation.  Not a clear answer, but a truthful one.  All three may protect your money from some taxes.  Each just does it a different way.  We will look at each so that you can decide which fits your situation.  Typically though, if your employer has a match to a 401K, than that will probably is the deciding factor.  Invest any extra income you have into your employer's matching 401K so that you get extra money.  Also, if you are capable of saving more than the contribution limits on the Traditional and Roth IRAs, than the higher contribution limits on 401K provide additional tax benefits.  That said; let’s look at the difference so that you can decide which fits you. 

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401K: Contributions into the plan are taken from your paycheck before your income tax is calculated.  That lowers your tax liability.  Secondly, capital gains are not taxed each year.  The money grows and you pay taxes when you pull money out during retirement.  Typically, people are in a lower tax bracket during retirement, so you keep more money verses paying it in taxes.  If your employer doesn't match a percentage of your contribution into the 401K, then you will want to look at what investment funds are available to you in the 401K.  If the historic performance of the funds in the 401K haven't performed well or don't match your investment strategy, then you may want to forego the 401K and invest in either a traditional or Roth IRA.  These funds will also give you tax advantage while giving you the flexibility to invest in whatever funds you choose. 

 

Traditional IRA:  Contributions into the plan are from money that you brought home.  That means you already paid taxes on the money.  You invest into the IRA and when you file your taxes for the year, you tell the government.  They allow you to deduct the contribution amount from your income before calculating how much taxes you owe for the year.  That lowers your tax liability.  Since your employer paid the government based on your income, you typically get a tax return for that over payment when they see your tax filing and acknowledge your IRA contribution.  They benefit is you lower your income tax liability during the years you make more money and you pay during retirement when you income puts you in a lower tax bracket.  The downside is that the government has your overpaid money throughout the year, you don’t.  You need to adjust you dependants your employer’s calculation of your taxes.

 

Roth IRA:  Contributions into the plan are from money that you brought home.  That means you already paid taxes on the money.  You invest into the Roth IRA and when you file your yearly income taxes you DO NOT get a tax deduction.  You get tax free distributions when you are pulling money out of the plan during retirement.  The benefit is your money grows tax free and you are able to pull it out whenever you want.  The downside is that not everyone can contribute.  Roth IRAs have income limits.  The limits are too complicated to summarize in a sentence.  You can look at the limits by viewing IRA limits.  

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There are many elements that affect retirement planning; it really comes down to three steps: 

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      Step 1.  How much money will you need?

      Step 2.  How much do you have now?

      Step 3.  What can be done to close the gap between 1 & 2?  

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Everyone basically knows the answer to number 2, “How much do you have now?”  The answer to “How much money will you need” depends on several factors: roth ira account, ira accounts, retirement planning tools, 401k rollover,
  • How much longer you plan to work?
  • How long will you live during retirement?
  • How much annual income will you require?
  • How will inflation affect you?
  • What is your return on your investments?

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While these questions may seem simple, once the math is done on “how much money will you need”, most people have such a big gap between steps 1 and 2 that they need to start to change some of their original answers to find a solution that will work for them.  That’s what step number 3 is all about.

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What are my options to close the "Gap" between what I need to retire and how much I will have at retirement age?   

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Well let's have a look:  Closing the retirement gap


 

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